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Fatah al-Islam ((アラビア語:فتح الإسلام'), meaning ''Conquest of Islam'') is a radical Sunni Islamist group that formed in November 2006 in a Palestinian refugee camp, located in Lebanon. It has been described as a militant jihadist〔Le Figaro (April 16, 2007). ("Fatah Al-Islam: the new terrorist threat hanging over Lebanon" ). Retrieved May 20, 2007.〕 movement that draws inspiration from al-Qaeda.〔〔〔Reuters (May 19, 2007). ("Lebanese army battles militants at Palestinian camp" ). Retrieved May 20, 2007.〕 It became very well known in May 2007 and June 2007 after engaging in combat against the Lebanese Army in the Nahr al-Bared UNRWA Palestinian refugee camp. The United States Department of State classified the group as a terrorist organization on August 9, 2007 but it was not classified as such anymore on November 24, 2010.〔 〕 ==Origins== Fatah al-Islam was led by a fugitive militant named Shaker al-Abssi,〔International Herald Tribune (March 15, 2007). ("A new face of Al Qaeda emerges in Lebanon" ). Retrieved May 20, 207.〕 a Palestinian refugee who was born in Jericho in 1955. Al-Abssi was once a pilot with the rank of colonel. Al-Abssi's first militant activities can be traced to connections he established with a secular Palestinian militant group named Fatah al-Intifada〔 in Libya, after it defected from the umbrella Fatah movement in 1983.〔 From Libya, al-Abssi reportedly moved to Damascus, where he made close ties with Fatah al-Intifada's number two in command, Abu Khaled al-Omla.〔 Syrian authorities arrested al-Abssi in 2000 and sentenced him to three years in prison on charges of smuggling weapons and ammunition between Jordan and Syria.〔〔 The government later released him. He went to Iraq following the U.S.-led invasion in 2003 and fought alongside groups affiliated with Al-Qaeda. He is said to have become friends with a number of Al-Qaeda leaders there.〔 In 2004 Al-Abssi was sentenced to death in absentia by a Jordanian military court for involvement in the assassination of U.S. diplomat Laurence Foley, after Syrian authorities refused to extradite him for trial.〔Komotv (May 0, 2007.). ("Dozens killed in Lebanon gunbattle between Islamic militants, security forces" ). Retrieved May 20, 2007〕 Abu Musab al-Zarqawi was also sentenced to death for the killing of Foley and was thought to have been an associate of Al-Abssi.〔 He briefly returned to Syria, where he met again with al-Omla, who helped him relocate to Lebanon. Al-Abssi and a group of youth he met in Iraq set themselves up in the headquarters of Fatah Al-Intifada in the village of Helwa in the Western Beqaa District in 2005.〔 In May 2006, Al-Abssi and this small group engaged in armed clashes with Lebanese soldiers that led to the killing of one young Syrian wanted by Damascus for fighting in Iraq.〔 Syrian intelligence services then summoned al-Omla to ask him about al-Abssi and his group.〔 The investigation unmasked the close coordination between al-Omla and al-Abssi that had been kept from the pro-Damascus Secretary General of Fatah Al-Intifada, Abu Moussa, and by extension, from the Syrian authorities.〔 Al-Omla then reportedly ordered al-Abssi to leave the Western Beqaa, which is close to the borders with Syria, and head for refugee camps in northern Lebanon.〔 In November 2006 the Palestinian security committee in Al-Badawi refugee camp in Tripoli handed over two members of al-Abssi's group to Lebanese military intelligence.〔 Al-Abssi was reportedly infuriated and decided to break with Fatah al-Intifada and establish his own group, Fatah al-Islam. In November 2006 Fatah al-Islam set up a headquarters in the Palestinian refugee camp of Nahr al-Bared in northern Lebanon. The group seized three compounds in the camp that had belonged to the secular Palestinian militant group, Fatah al-Intifada.〔 Al-Abssi then issued a declaration saying he was bringing religion back to the Palestinian cause.〔 In March 2007 Seymour Hersh, investigative reporter for ''New Yorker magazine'', suggested that the Lebanese government was giving support to Fatah al-Islam, in order to defeat Hezbollah. David Welch, Assistant to Secretary of State, negotiated with the Saudis and Saad Hariri of the American-backed Siniora government to funnel aid to Fatah al-Islam, so that the Sunni group could eventually attack Shiite Hezbollah. But Michael Young, a writer for ''Reason'' magazine, cast doubts on Seymour Hersh's claims. Additionally, Professor Barry Rubin, Director of the Global Research in International Affairs Center, has alleged that Al-Abssi is in fact a Syrian operative engaged in destabilizing the government of Lebanon. In November 2008, Hussain Abdul-Hussain, a Washington journalist, questioned Hersh's credibility arguing that the American journalist had frequently assigned dates for an American attack on Iran, which never took place. In past stories, Hersh published information that he later corrected. In an article published in NOW Lebanon, Abdul-Hussain also questioned Hersh's links to known Syrian proteges in Lebanon, such as former Information Minister Michel Samaha. Other indications that Fatah al-Islam, and specifically Fatah Al-Islam leader Shaker Al-Abssi, may have Syrian support come from Samir Geagea, executive body chairman of the Lebanese Forces, who asked why if anyone is found out to be a Muslim Brotherhood activist, he receives a death sentence, and if he is very lucky, he gets hard labor. So how come Shaker Al-'Absi - who is no ordinary militant but a leader... and who committed a crime in Jordan and was sentenced to death there, and was arrested in Syria - has been released (prison )?〔''Al-Jazeera TV'' (Qatar), May 23, 2007; ''Al-Mustaqbal'' (Lebanon), May 24, 2007.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fatah al-Islam」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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